Suchergebnisse

A les portes de la Xina: la missió agustiniana (1575-1589) i el seu llegat sino­lògicDesprés de l'establiment dels espanyols a les Filipines a partir de 1565, l'orde de sant Agustí, com a principal congregació religiosa a l'arxipèlag, es va convertir en el més ben posicionat per entrar a la Xina i fundar-hi una missió. No obstant això, aquest objectiu seria difícil d'aconseguir, tot i que, pel seu paper d'agents religiosos i alhora polítics al servei de Felip II, van rebre encàrrecs diplomàtics com els protagonitzats per fra Martín de Rada o fra Juan González de Mendoza. Les seves accions els van permetre esbossar una primera i coherent imatge de la Xina. Un retrat que s'avança a la sofisticada imatge que pocs anys després construirien els jesuïtes. Aquestes visions constitueixen la primera gran contribució a la sinologia europea d'època moderna. ; At the gates of China: the Augustinian mission (1575-1589) and its sinologic legacyAfter the establishment of the Spanish in the Philippines in 1565, the Order of St. Augustine, as the main religious congregation in the archipelago, became the best positioned to enter in China and found a mission. However, this aim would be difficult to achieve, even though due to their role as religious and political agents at the service of Felipe II they had diplomatic assignments, such as the embassies commissioned to Fray Martín de Rada and Fray Juan González de Mendoza. Their actions allowed them to sketch a first and coherent image of China, ahead of the sophisticated image that the Jesuits would build a few years later. These impressions are the first major contribution to European sinology of early modern times. ; Tras el establecimiento de los españoles en Filipinas a partir de 1565, la orden de San Agustín, como principal congregación religiosa en el archipiélago, se convirtió en la mejor posicionada para entrar en China y fundar una misión. Sin embargo, este objetivo sería difícil de conseguir, a pesar de que, por su papel de agentes religiosos y a la vez políticos, al servicio de Felipe II, contaron con encargos diplomáticos como los protagonizados por fray Martín de Rada o fray Juan González de Mendoza. Sus acciones les permitieron esbozar una primera y coherente imagen de China. Un retrato que se adelanta a la sofisticada imagen que pocos años después construirían los jesuitas. Estas visiones constituyen la primera gran contribución a la sinología europea de los tiempos modernos.

[spa] Tras el establecimiento de los españoles en Filipinas a partir de 1565, la orden de San Agustín, como principal congregación religiosa en el archipiélago, se convirtió en la mejor posicionada para entrar en China y fundar una misión. Sin embargo, este objetivo sería difícil de conseguir, a pesar de que, por su papel de agentes religiosos y a la vez políticos, al servicio de Felipe II, contaron con encargos diplomáticos como los protagonizados por fray Martín de Rada o fray Juan González de Mendoza. Sus acciones les permitieron esbozar una primera y coherente imagen de China. Un retrato que se adelanta a la sofisticada imagen que pocos años después construirían los jesuitas. Estas visiones constituyen la primera gran contribución a la sinología europea de los tiempos modernos. ; [cat] Després de l'establiment dels espanyols a les Filipines a partir de 1565, l'orde de sant Agustí, com a principal congregació religiosa a l'arxipèlag, es va convertir en el més ben posicionat per entrar a la Xina i fundar-hi una missió. No obstant això, aquest objectiu seria difícil d'aconseguir, tot i que, pel seu paper d'agents religiosos i alhora polítics al servei de Felip II, van rebre encàrrecs diplomàtics com els protagonitzats per fra Martín de Rada o fra Juan González de Mendoza. Les seves accions els van permetre esbossar una primera i coherent imatge de la Xina. Un retrat que s'avança a la sofisticada imatge que pocs anys després construirien els jesuïtes. Aquestes visions constitueixen la primera gran contribució a la sinologia europea d'època moderna ; [eng] After the establishment of the Spanish in the Philippines in 1565, the Order of St. Augustine, as the main religious congregation in the archipelago, became the best positioned to enter in China and found a mission. However, this aim would be difficult to achieve, even though due to their role as religious and political agents at the service of Felipe II they had diplomatic assignments, such as the embassies commissioned to Fray Martín de Rada and Fray Juan González de Mendoza. Their actions allowed them to sketch a first and coherent image of China, ahead of the sophisticated image that the Jesuits would build a few years later. These impressions are the first major contribution to European sinology of early modern times.

[spa] Este artículo trata de adentrarse en las interioridades del oficio de maestro de ceremonias en el Nápoles virreinal del primer tercio del siglo XVII. A través de sus textos, los libros de ceremonias, se explica una interpretación política, simbólica y gobernativa de un corpus ceremonial rico que culminó en el 'Libro de los Virreyes' del ceremoniero Jusepe Renao, de 1634-1637. La lectura y análisis de este manuscrito, conservado en la Biblioteca Nacional de España, permite dibujar un completo viaje ceremonial a la corte partenopea de los virreyes españoles. ; [eng] This article wants to analyze the exercise of the practice of government and political representation through the ceremonial testimonies, the books of ceremonies, in the vice royal Naples of the first third of the 17th century. The rich ceremonial corpus of the Neapolitan viceroyalty culminated in the Libro de los Virreyes (1634 - 1637) of Jusepe Renao. A personal and professional profile of Renao is also presented. The reading and analysis of this manuscript, preserved in the Biblioteca Nacional de España, with two more ceremonial sources and other contemporary witnesses, offers a complete ceremonial trip to the Neapolitan court of the Spanish viceroys, a journey that occupies the second part of this work.

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Classical scrapie is a prionic, neurological, consumptive, and chronic disease that affects naturally domestic small ruminants. It was initially described in the UK, and since then it has spread throughout the world. Atypical scrapie was first diagnosed in Norway in the 1990s, being diagnosed throughout the world since then. Here, we a provide review of scrapie disease, deepening the characteristics of the causal agent, the pathogenesis of the disease, and its transmission mechanisms. We also emphasize the role of genetic factors, the diagnostic techniques, and the surveillance and control methods established in the European Union. Finally, the infectivity of the different tissues is described. ABSTRACT: Prion diseases, such as scrapie, are neurodegenerative diseases with a fatal outcome, caused by a conformational change of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)), originating with the pathogenic form (PrP(Sc)). Classical scrapie in small ruminants is the paradigm of prion diseases, as it was the first transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) described and is the most studied. It is necessary to understand the etiological properties, the relevance of the transmission pathways, the infectivity of the tissues, and how we can improve the detection of the prion protein to encourage detection of the disease. The aim of this review is to perform an overview of classical and atypical scrapie disease in sheep and goats, detailing those special issues of the disease, such as genetic factors, diagnostic procedures, and surveillance approaches carried out in the European Union with the objective of controlling the dissemination of scrapie disease.

Prion diseases, such as scrapie, are neurodegenerative diseases with a fatal outcome, caused by a conformational change of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), originating with the pathogenic form (PrPSc). Classical scrapie in small ruminants is the paradigm of prion diseases, as it was the first transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) described and is the most studied. It is necessary to understand the etiological properties, the relevance of the transmission pathways, the infectivity of the tissues, and how we can improve the detection of the prion protein to encourage detection of the disease. The aim of this review is to perform an overview of classical and atypical scrapie disease in sheep and goats, detailing those special issues of the disease, such as genetic fac-tors, diagnostic procedures, and surveillance approaches carried out in the European Union with the objective of controlling the dissemination of scrapie disease.